Supports Nervous System Health & Energy Metabolism Learn More

In mammals, Biotin functions as an essential coenzyme in four carboxylases which bind the Biotin moiety. Pyruvate carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase function in the mitochondria, while the fourth, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, is found in both the mitochondria and cytosol. These enzymes function in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, propionate metabolism and leucine catabolism.* Beta-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase is essential for the catabolism of the branch-chained amino acid leucine. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA, a substrate for fatty acid elongation. Pyruvate carboxylase is required for the carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate, an intermediate in the Krebs tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Oxaloacetate can be converted into glucose in the liver and kidney. Propionyl-CoA catalyzes a carboxylation reaction that ultimately leads to the formation of succunyl-CoA, another member of the Krebs TCA cycle. Boas conducted studies in the 1920s on rats fed proteins from several sources. She observed that rats fed raw egg did not have the support of skin and hair health that the other rats did. This "egg white injury" is now known to be a result of the very tight and specific binding of Biotin by avidin, a glycoprotein found in uncooked egg whites. There is evidence to suggest that fatty acid metabolism secondary to Biotin-dependant carboxylases plays an important role in the health of hair, skin and nails. Learn More

In mammals, Biotin functions as an essential coenzyme in four carboxylases which bind the Biotin moiety. Pyruvate carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase function in the mitochondria, while the fourth, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, is found in both the mitochondria and cytosol. These enzymes function in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, propionate metabolism and leucine catabolism.* Beta-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase is essential for the catabolism of the branch-chained amino acid leucine. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA, a substrate for fatty acid elongation. Pyruvate carboxylase is required for the carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate, an intermediate in the Krebs tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Oxaloacetate can be converted into glucose in the liver and kidney. Propionyl-CoA catalyzes a carboxylation reaction that ultimately leads to the formation of succunyl-CoA, another member of the Krebs TCA cycle. Boas conducted studies in the 1920s on rats fed proteins from several sources. She observed that rats fed raw egg did not have the support of skin and hair health that the other rats did. This "egg white injury" is now known to be a result of the very tight and specific binding of Biotin by avidin, a glycoprotein found in uncooked egg whites. There is evidence to suggest that fatty acid metabolism secondary to Biotin-dependant carboxylases plays an important role in the health of hair, skin and nails. Learn More

Catalyn is a multiple vitamin, mineral, and trace mineral concentrate formulated by Dr. Royal Lee in 1929. Catalyn is the antithesis of the "mega-dose" approach to nutritional supplementation. Dr. Lee summoned the whole of his considerable nutritional experience and know-how to provide a nutritional catalyst, a supplement using whole food ingredients which he named Catalyn. Dr. Lee's goal was to provide a food-based package of nutrients in the most potent and bioavailable form–its natural state.† Learn More

Provides strong antioxidant defense Antioxidants like selenium and vitamin E help to detoxify and protect the body from free radical damage.Maintains cellular health Research suggests that this deliberate process may provide the necessary time for abnormal cells to repair themselves before dividing, so that their replications will return to a normal cellular structure, Enhances immune function This breakdown in cellular communication weakens the immune system. Selenium and vitamin E help to protect the immune system. Learn More

Natural Vitamin E for healthy radiant hair and skin leaves you feeling naturally refreshed. Learn More

Folate is involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and critical enzymatic reactions throughout the body. By depleting excess homocysteine, folate benefits cardiovascular health and nervous system function. Learn More

Folic acid and vitamin B12 taken together work to prevent birth defects of the central nervous system and help to mature and strengthen red blood cells. Folic acid has also been shown to have protective cardiovascular benefits. Folic Acid B12 is also essential in the important processes of DNA formation and genetic replication.† Learn More

Prestigious scientific journals have highlighted gamma tocopherol as one of the most critically important forms of vitamin E for those seeking optimal health benefits. In fact, studies shows the combination of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol supplementation appears to be superior to either supplementation alone on biomarkers of oxidative stress and on inflammatory factors. Most commercial vitamin E supplements contain little, if any, gamma tocopherol. They instead rely on alpha tocopherol as the primary ingredient. However, it is gamma tocopherol (not the alpha form) that quenches peroxynitrite, the free radical that plays a major role in the development of age-related decline. Tocotrienols have shown superior action in maintaining arterial health.This wonder nutrient is so effective because of its structure of double bonds in the isoprenoid side chain, making it a great scavenger of free radicals. Learn More

Benfotiamine, a fat-soluble form of vitamin B1 (thiamine), supports healthy blood sugar metabolism and helps protect the body’s tissues against advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress.13 For example, the enzyme transketolase is critical to blood sugar metabolism. Like many enzymes, transketolase requires a co-factor. In this case, it needs assistance from thiamine. Unfortunately, thiamine is water-soluble, which makes it less available to the interior of the cell. Benfotiamine is fat-soluble and can easily penetrate into the inside of cells. It is also more bioavailable than the water-soluble thiamine. In a landmark study, benfotiamine effectively increased transketolase activity in cell cultures by an astounding 300%, compared to a mere 20% for thiamine. This robust activation was sufficient to block three of the four major metabolic pathways leading to blood vessel damage.14 Benfotiamine also blocks the activation of the transcription factor known as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), which is implicated in numerous inflammatory conditions.13 Overall, benfotiamine can activate glucose metabolism and promote already healthy blood glucose levels. It can also reduce formation of advanced glycation end products to prevent glucose toxicity and correct endothelial cell defects caused by high concentrations of blood glucose, especially inside endothelial, retinal, kidney and nerve cells. Benfotiamine also helps maintain healthy endothelial function.15-21 Benfotiamine with thiamine is a low-cost dietary supplement that can help maintain already-normal blood sugar levels and support the health of the nerves, kidneys, eyes, blood vessels, and heart. For those who desire to take higher doses of benfotiamine, Life Extension offers 250-mg capsules in Mega Benfotiamine. Learn More

PYRIDOXAL 5' PHOSPHATE (P5P or ACTIVATED VITAMIN B6) is required to metabolize proteins, carbohydrates, and fats and is important in the production of antibodies and red blood cells. It also helps regulate bodily fluids and maintain healthy nerve function and musculoskeletal function. P5P helps maintain homocysteine levels that are already in the normal range, and may relieve mild mood changes, cramps, and edema associated with the menstrual cycle. Learn More

Vitamin B6 found in conventional supplements plays a crucial role in numerous life processes. The pyridoxamine form of vitamin B6, however, has been validated to protect the body's living proteins via multiple independent mechanisms. Learn More

Vitamin K plays a critical role in maintaining healthy bone density by facilitating the transport of calcium from the bloodstream into the bone. Learn More

Tocotrienols have shown superior action in maintaining arterial health, oxidiative stress and on inflammation factors.This wonder nutrient is so effective because of its structure of double bonds in the isoprenoid side chain, making it a great scavenger of free radicals. Sesame lignans are added to help inhibit the enzyme that breaks down tocotrienols, allowing tissue levels of tocotrienols to build up in the body. This translates into much greater antioxidant protection, decreasing destructive free radicals. Research has shown that tocotrienols display potent neuroprotective properties. Learn More

Ultimate-E contains all of the natural isomers of vitamin E. Tocopherols provide protection from free radicals and products of oxygenation, including lipid peroxides and singlet oxygen radicals. Gamma-tocopherol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase,, whereas alpha-tocopherol does not appear to have a significant effect on this enzyme. Learn More

VITAMIN A (FROM FISH LIVER OIL) is a vitamin that is helpful to support the proper functioning of the body's immune system. It supports the maintenance of skin, mucus membranes, vision and reproductive functions. Its antioxidative properties support healthy night vision. (High doses of Vitamin A should be used with physician supervision). Learn More

Thiamine (B-1) functions as the coenzyme thiamin pyrophosphate, assisting in the metabolism of carbohydrates and branched-chain amino acids, as well as in production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.* Riboflavin (B-2) assists in oxidation/reduction reactions, including those involved in energy pathways and the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.* It also helps maintain the skin and mucous membranes, the cornea of the eye, and nerve sheaths.* Niacin (B-3), also known as nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, serves as a coenzyme in oxidation/reduction reactions as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate form (NADP). NAD functions in intracellular respiration and oxidation of glyceraldehydes, lactate, alcohol, and other fuel molecules. NADP is required in reductive biosyntheses, such as fatty acid and steroid synthesis. Niacin is needed for the metabolism of food, maintenance of healthy skin and nerve cells, DNA replication and repair, and cell differentiation.* The major coenzyme forms of Pyridoxine (B-6) are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine (PMP), which function in the catabolism of carbohydrates and proteins. PLP serves as a coenzyme in more than 100 reactions in amino acid metabolism, including aminotransferases, decarboxylases, and dehydratases. Vitamin B-6 is also used in the production of red blood cells, and is involved in the single-carbon cycle, which produces methyl groups used in the synthesis of other compounds. By this mechanism, Vitamin B-6 promotes healthy homocysteine levels.* Folic Acid, also known as folate, functions as a coenzyme essential to virtually all biochemical reactions that use single-carbon transfers, including purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, generation of formate, and amino acid interconversions, including homocysteine to methionine. Folic acid participates in the breakdown of proteins and the formation of hemoglobin, a compound in red blood cells that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide. Healthful diets with adequate folate may reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord birth defect. Vitamin B-12 (Cobalamin) is a coenzyme in the single-carbon cycle, and, with Vitamin B-6 and Folate, converts homocysteine to methionine. Vitamin B-12 is also required for maintenance of nerve sheaths, normal blood formation, and DNA synthesis and repair.* Pantothenic acid is used for the synthesis of coenzyme A and thus is involved in many metabolic pathways, including energy metabolism.* Biotin functions as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions, which are also useful in many functions of the body. Choline is a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Learn More

The complete vitamin B complex is composed of two primary divisions, Cataplex B and Cataplex® G–each with complementary actions. Cataplex B contains different components of the B complex that are stimulatory to the metabolic, cardiovascular, and central and peripheral nervous systems.† Learn More

As co-enzymes, the B vitamins are essential components in most major metabolic reactions. They play an important role in energy production, including the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. B vitamins are also important for blood cells, hormones, and nervous system function. As water-soluble substances, B vitamins are not generally stored in the body in any appreciable amounts (with the exception of vitamin B-12). Therefore, the body needs an adequate supply of B vitamins on a daily basis. Thiamine(Vitamin B-1) is an essential coenzyme in energy production. Thiamine is converted quickly into thiamine pyrophosphate, which is required for glycolytic and Krebs cycle reactions. Thiamine also appears to be related to nerve impulse transmission. INDICATIONS: B-1 may be a useful dietary adjunct for individuals who wish to supplement their diet with this essential B vitamin. Learn More

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is involved in the metabolism of amino acids and other nitrogen compounds. In the liver, pyridoxine is essential for glucose production from amino acids via its role as coenzyme for the transaminase enzymes. Pyridoxine is also needed by the liver and muscles to make stored glycogen available for glucose production, and to synthesize niacin from the amino acid tryptophan. In red blood cells, pyridoxine is needed for hemoglobin synthesis, and regulates its oxygen affinity. Additionally, steroid hormone action is modulated by pyridoxine at the receptor level. In the nervous system, pyridoxine is needed to synthesize several neurotransmitters, such as serotonin (from tryptophan), taurine, dopamine, norepinephrine, histamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Many experimental and clinical observations support the fact that adequate amounts of dietary vitamin B6 are required to maintain normal nervous system function. Learn More

Vitamin C plays an important role in supporting immune function. As an antioxidant, Vitamin C helps neutralize harmful free radicals in cells. Bioflavonoids work with vitamin C and offer beneficial properties of their own. Learn More

Vitamin D has been the subject of intensive research and is one of the most needed and basic vitamins for good health. Recent research shows is has effects on every organ in the body. There is also an epidemic of vitamin D deficiency in the world. New studies show that normal requirements for vitamin D may be over 5000 IU per day, much more in older people. People with darker skins have lower vitamin D levels and need more vitamin D from external sources, according to new reports. Learn More

Vitamin D has been the subject of intensive research and is one of the most needed and basic vitamins for good health. Recent research shows is has effects on every organ in the body. There is also an epidemic of vitamin D deficiency in the world. New studies show that normal requirements for vitamin D may be over 5000 IU per day, much more in older people. People with darker skins have lower vitamin D levels and need more vitamin D from external sources, according to new reports.

This is large size of one of the best buys in vitamin D in a most popular strength. Learn More

Vitamin D has been the subject of intensive research and is one of the most needed and basic vitamins for good health. Recent research shows is has effects on every organ in the body. There is also an epidemic of vitamin D deficiency in the world. New studies show that normal requirements for vitamin D may be over 5000 IU per day, much more in older people. People with darker skins have lower vitamin D levels and need more vitamin D from external sources, according to new reports.

This is large size of one of the best buys in vitamin D in a most popular strength. Learn More

VITAMIN D3 is essential to bone health as it promotes intestinal re-absorption of calcium and reduces urinary calcium loss. These together maintain healthy serum calcium levels to support bone health. Vitamin D also supports colon health. Learn More

Vitamin D has been the subject of intensive research and is one of the most needed and basic vitamins for good health. Recent research shows is has effects on every organ in the body. There is also an epidemic of vitamin D deficiency in the world. New studies show that normal requirements for vitamin D may be over 5000 IU per day, much more in older people. People with darker skins have lower vitamin D levels and need more vitamin D from external sources, according to new reports.

This size, 5000IU, is a convenient one for many people who wish to supplement vitamin D. The capsule is vegetarian, not animal gelatin. Learn More